2020:groups:g5:start
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2020:groups:g5:start [2020/01/10 02:19] – [Introduction] sudbrack | 2020:groups:g5:start [2024/01/09 18:45] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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**Group 5** | **Group 5** | ||
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- | Invasions | + | Infestations |
- | The whitefly species is haplodiploid, | + | Twelve different biotypes of whitefly |
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- | Twelve different biotypes of whitefly | + | |
Liu //et al.// detected significant changes in sex ratio in both the indigenous and alien populations in both regions. In China, when populations of either B or ZHJ1 occurred alone, B usually had female | Liu //et al.// detected significant changes in sex ratio in both the indigenous and alien populations in both regions. In China, when populations of either B or ZHJ1 occurred alone, B usually had female | ||
- | ratios of 60~70%, which were higher than the 50~60% female ratios in ZHJ1. Very similar results also happened to AN biotype. This difference was even higher when the two different biotypes coexisted during the invasions. | + | ratios of 60~70%, which were higher than the 50~60% female ratios in ZHJ1. Very similar results also happened to AN biotype. This difference was even higher when the two different biotypes coexisted during the infestations. Then, the same researchers decided to reproduce this behavior in controlled environments, |
- | Then, the same group, decided to reproduce this behavior in controlled environments. Their results included a B biotype domination in mixed cohorts: "The relative proportion of B increased steadily with time and had totally supplanted ZHJ1 after 225 days." And also, it confirms | + | Interestingly, mating experiments between |
+ | This manipulation happens, literally, as a third wheel - the different biotype is able to court the female, but not to copulate with her. Moreover, copulation by indigenous individuals is partly blocked by B males that readily attempt to court with females of either biotype — a behavior not reciprocated by the indigenous males. | ||
- | Scientists noticed some interference behavior in whiteflies was acting as a mechanism to change sex ratios within biotypes. Although identification of the progeny produced using nuclear DNA markers detected no hybrids, demonstrating reproductive isolation between B and ZHJ1 and between B and AN, effects inter-biotypes still happened, as it was showed that B interacting with an indigenous biotype could increase | ||
- | production of female progeny by increasing its frequency of copulation, and at the same time could reduce the production of female progeny by the indigenous females through reducing copulation by the latter. | ||
- | This manipulation happened when two males from different biotypes and a female of a given biotype were placed together, the female was frequently courted by both males and courting and copulation could be interrupted by the second male - literally a gooseberry. | ||
===== Assignment ===== | ===== Assignment ===== | ||
- | Propose a mathematical model to investigate the strategy of sex-ratio shift in whiteflies | + | Propose |
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- | ===== Questions & Suggestions ===== | + | |
- | - Can you come up with a quantification of the invasion speed in your model? How does it behave with the biasing of sex? Is there a ratio which provides the highest speed? | + | ===== Suggested questions ===== |
- | - What are the consequences of infection by // | + | |
- | - Can this suggested mechanism explain an equilibrium at an unbalanced sex ratio in the population? | + | |
- | - Which parameters (and how) interfere in the population equilibrium sex ratio? | + | |
+ | - Which conditions of frequency of copulation ensures biotype B's capacity to invade and displace indigenous populations? | ||
+ | - Which conditions verify the sex ratio shifts, given this mating behavior and the fact that whiteflies are haplodiploid? | ||
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+ | Further well-grounded questions from the group are welcome. | ||
===== References ===== | ===== References ===== | ||
- | + | Shu-Sheng Liu, P. J. De Barro, Jing Xu, Jun-Bo Luan, Lian-Sheng Zang, Yong-Ming Ruan, Fang-Hao Wan. **Asymmetric Mating Interactions Drive Widespread Invasion and Displacement in a Whitefly** Science | |
- | Anna G. Himler, Tetsuya Adachi-Hagimori, Jacqueline E. Bergen, Amaranta Kozuch, Suzanne E. Kelly, Bruce E. Tabashnik, Elad Chiel, Victoria E. Duckworth, Timothy J. Dennehy, Einat Zchori-Fein, Martha S. Hunter.**Rapid Spread of a Bacterial Symbiont in an Invasive | + | |
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- | A short article about sex-ratio shift in the light of evolution and natural selection: | + | |
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2020/groups/g5/start.1578622743.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/01/09 18:45 (external edit)