====== Evolution in spatially structured populations ======

[[http://www.normalesup.org/~fdebarre/|Florence Débarre]]

CNRS, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris (France).

===== Summary =====

Most populations exhibit some form of spatial structure, for instance because they are subdivided, because the environment they live in is spatially heterogeneous, or also because there are limits to the distances than an individual can travel. In this series of courses, I will present different tools and methods to study evolution in spatially structured populations, and will show how to apply them to specific questions, such as the evolution of dispersal, or the evolution of social behavior.

===== Topics =====

Each lecture ends with a list of key references. Below are listed additional references related to the questions asked. 

==== Lecture 1: Introduction of Methods and Concepts ====
 [[http://ecologia.ib.usp.br/ssmb/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=2017:courses:debarre:lecture1.pdf|Slides]] (updated)

=== References related to the questions asked after the lecture ===

- On Adaptive dynamics when multiple traits evolve jointly:\\ 
[[http://www.zoologi.su.se/research/leimar/fulltext/Leimar2009b.pdf|Leimar 2009 EER]]\\ 
[[http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/677137|Débarre et al. 2014, The American Naturalist]]

- Adaptive dynamics: limitations of the framework\\ 
[[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00948.x/pdf|Waxman and Gavrilets 2005, JEB]] -- followed by a series of replies, the whole issue was devoted to the topic!

- On the competition model presented as example:\\ 
Roughgarden, J. 1979. Theory of Population Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology: An Introduction. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. (It is a book, so no link)\\ 
[[http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~otto/PopGen500/Articles/DoebeliDieckmann2000.pdf|Doebeli and Dieckmann 2000, The American Naturalist]], the Adaptive Dynamics version of the model.\\ 
[[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jitka_Polechova/publication/7695813_Speciation_through_competition_A_critical_review/links/55bf1ccc08aed621de121b67.pdf|Polechova and Barton 2005, Evolution]], a critique showing in particular that multiple branching events occur and that there is a unimodal final distribution of trait values.\\ 
[[http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/274/1608/347.short| Doebeli et al. 2007, Procs B]], showing that Gaussian functions lead to non-genetic results, but that other functions lead to multimodal distributions of traits.\\ 
[[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02621.x/full|Débarre 2012 JEB]], for a version of the model with a bimodal distributions of resources. 

- On selection on $r$ vs. $K$ (with a mechanistic derivation of the logistic equation)\\ 
[[http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/508618| Rueffler et al. 2006, The American Naturalist]] 

- On fixation probabilities vs. invasion fitness\\ 
[[http://www.mast.queensu.ca/~tday/pdf/ProulxDay01.PDF| Proulx and Day 2001, Selection]]

==== Lecture 2: The evolution of dispersal ====
 [[http://ecologia.ib.usp.br/ssmb/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=2017:courses:debarre:lecture2.pdf|Slides]]

=== References related to the questions asked after the lecture ===
- Evolution of dispersal in nature\\ 
[[http://www.pnas.org/content/105/10/3796.long| Cheptou et al. 2008, PNAS]]

- When heterogeneity is both temporal and spatial\\ 
[[http://gepv.univ-lille1.fr/downloads/downloads_labo/Massol,%20Debarre%20-%20Evolution%20-%202015.pdf| Massol and Débarre 2015, Evolution]]

==== Lecture 3: Evolution in heterogeneous environments ====
 [[http://ecologia.ib.usp.br/ssmb/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=2017:courses:debarre:lecture3.pdf|Slides]]

=== References related to the questions asked after the lecture ===

- Evolution after branching -- isoclines\\ 
[[http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/5610/1/IR-98-038.pdf|Kisdi and Geritz 1999, Evolution]], see for instance Figure 2. 

- Experimental test of hard and soft selection\\ 
[[http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/01/16/100743| Gallet et al. 2017, bioRxiv]]

- The different types of weak selection: small phenotypic differences vs. small contributions from the game.\\ 
[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519307001336|Wild and Traulsen 2007 JTB (paywall)]] 

==== Round table ====
[[http://earthweb.ess.washington.edu/roe/Knowability_590/Week3/Levins_1966.pdf|Levins 1966, American Scientist]]
==== Lecture 4: Social evolution in structured populations ====
This lecture will be done on the black/white board. 

 [[http://ecologia.ib.usp.br/ssmb/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=2017:courses:debarre:l4_handout.pdf|Handout]] (updated on 2017-01-26)