====== Teorias Neutras da biodiversidade ======

===== Leituras =====

==== Introdutórias ====

  * Alonso, D., R. S. Etienne, and A. J. Mckane 2006. The merits of neutral theory. Trends in Ecology & Evolution  21: 451-457. 

  

==== Para discussão ====
  * Hubbell, S.P. 1979. Tree dispersion, abundance, and diversity in a tropical dry forest. Science 203: 1299-1309. 

  * Condit, R., Chisholm, R.A. and Hubbell, S.P., 2012. Thirty years of forest census at Barro Colorado and the importance of immigration in maintaining diversity. PloS one, 7(11): e49826.

===Sobre os autores===

==Stephen Hubbell==
{{http://cms.ipressroom.com.s3.amazonaws.com/173/files/20167/57a8dd362cfac209aa07ee5a_Stephen+Hubbell+photo/Stephen+Hubbell+photo_905bcb13-98c4-464e-8a64-e22406a6d4ed-prv.jpg?100  }}
  * [[https://www.eeb.ucla.edu/indivfaculty.php?FacultyKey=8416|Página institucional]]
  * [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_P._Hubbell|Wikipedia]]
  * [[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/interview-with-steve-hubb/|Uma boa entrevista]]
  * [[http://academictree.org/tereco/tree.php?pid=84891&pnodecount=4&cnodecount=3&fontsize=1|Genealogia Acadêmica]]

==Richard Condit==
{{https://forestgeo.si.edu/sites/default/files/personnel/condit_richard.jpg?100  }}
  * [[http://www.richardcondit.org/main/|Página profissional]]
===== Material suplementar=====


==== Teorias que Hubbel usou ====

  * Kendall, D.G. 1948. On the Generalized "Birth-and-Death" Process. //Ann. Math. Statist. 19:// 1-15. [[http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS?service=UI&version=1.0&verb=Display&handle=euclid.aoms/1177730285|artigo completo]] na página do [[http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS?Service=UI&version=1.0&verb=Display&handle=euclid|Projeto Euclides]]. 

  * Ewens, W. J. (1972). The sampling theory of selectively neutral alleles. Theoretical Population Biology  3 (1), 87-112.

  * Caswell, H. 1976. Community structure: a neutral model analysis. //Ecological Monographs 46//: 327-354. 

  * Excelente livro básico sobre modelos estocásticos. Há [[http://dedalus.usp.br/F/F8NPQ6CNFN5DT8VIR1BLRIN9B7CJHLA725QQ4TDFHGMYVKFF7X-08453?func=item-global&doc_library=USP01&doc_number=000933996&year=&volume=&sub_library=IB|um exemplar]] na biblioteca do IB. O capítulo 2 cobre os modelos básicos de deriva em populações: 
      * Renshaw, E. 1991. Modelling biological populations in space and time Cambridge University Press. 

==== A proposta por Stephen Hubbell ====

  * Harpole, W. (2010) Neutral Theory of Species Diversity. [[https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/neutral-theory-of-species-diversity-13259703|Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):60]]. //Material introdutório da [[https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/|Nature Education Knowledge]], explica o modelo de maneira muito acessível.//


  * O livro (referência básica, mas nem sempre didática quanto ao modelo): 
    * Hubbell, S.P. (2001). The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography. Princeton University Press. 
  
  * Hubbell, S. P. (2005). Neutral theory in community ecology and the hypothesis of functional equivalence. Functional ecology, 19(1), 166-172. //Artigo em que Hubbel rebate críticas sobre a premissa de equivalência ecológicas.//

  * Rosindell, J., Hubbell, S. P. & Etienne, R. S. 2011. The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography at Age Ten. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 26:340-348. . Ótima revisão sobre o tema e seu impacto.

  * Chave, J. Competition, Neutrality, and Community Organization. Cap. III.2, The Princeton Guide to Ecology.  

== Brian McGill ==

  * [[http://www.brianmcgill.org/|Página na internet]]
  * [[http://dynamicecology.wordpress.com/|Blog]] de Jeremy Fox, para o qual colabora.

  * Uma boa revisão da evidência empírica até a época, com comparações com outros modelos neutros: Brian J. McGill, Brian A. Maurer, Michael D. Weiser (2006) EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF NEUTRAL THEORY. Ecology: Vol. 87, No. 6, pp. 1411-1423. 


====Alternativas e desenvolvimentos====

  * Tilman, D., 2004. Niche tradeoffs, neutrality, and community structure: a stochastic theory of resource competition, invasion, and community assembly. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(30), pp.10854-10861.
  * Gravel, D., Canham, C.D., Beaudet, M. and Messier, C., 2006. Reconciling niche and neutrality: the continuum hypothesis. Ecology letters, 9(4), pp.399-409.
  * Kalyuzhny, M., Kadmon, R. and Shnerb, N.M., 2015. A neutral theory with environmental stochasticity explains static and dynamic properties of ecological communities. Ecology letters, 18(6): 572-580.
  * Magurran, A.E. and Henderson, P.A., 2003. Explaining the excess of rare species in natural species abundance distributions. Nature, 422(6933):714-716.
  * May, F., Huth, A. and Wiegand, T. 2015. Moving beyond abundance distributions: neutral theory and spatial patterns in a tropical forest. Proc. R. Soc. B, 282(1802): 20141657.
  * Rosindell, J., Cornell, S.J., Hubbell, S.P. and Etienne, R.S., 2010. Protracted speciation revitalizes the neutral theory of biodiversity. Ecology Letters, 13(6), pp.716-727.

== Grupos emergentes == 
  * Scheffer, M. and van Nes, E.H., 2006. Self-organized similarity, the evolutionary emergence of groups of similar species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(16): 6230-6235.
  * Hérault, B., 2007. Reconciling niche and neutrality through the Emergent Group approach. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 9(2): 71-78.
  * Scheffer, M., van Nes, E.H. and Vergnon, R., 2018. Toward a unifying theory of biodiversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(4), pp.639-641.
  * Thibault, K.M., White, E.P., Hurlbert, A.H. and Ernest, S.M., 2011. Multimodality in the individual size distributions of bird communities. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20(1): 145-153.


== Estabilização x Diversificação ==

  * Connell, J. H., 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. //Science 199//: 1302-1310. 
              * Comentário de Connell  sobre o impacto deste artigo, em seu [[http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1987/A1987K668500001.pdf|ensaio]] para a [[http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics.html|Citation Classics Library]] da ISI.

  * Adler P. B., Hillerislambers, J. &  Levine, J.M. 2007. A niche for neutrality. //Ecology Letters, 10//:95-104.
  * Levine, J. M., & HilleRisLambers, J. (2009). The importance of niches for the maintenance of species diversity. Nature, 461(7261), 254-257.


  * Veja também material sobre a teoria moderna da coexistência, na seção sobre [[apoio:nicho#material_suplementar|nicho e competição]].

====Outros recursos ====
  * Um pacote em R para simulação e ajuste dos modelos de distribuição de espécies previstos pela teoria. **A introdução é uma excelente explicação da teoria**: 
    * Hankin, R. 2007. Introducing untb, an R Package For Simulating Ecological Drift Under the Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity. Journal of Statistical Software 22: 12 [[http://www.jstatsoft.org/v22/i12/]]. 
  * Thompson, S.E., Chisholm, R.A. and Rosindell, J., 2020. pycoalescence and rcoalescence: Packages for simulating spatially explicit neutral models of biodiversity. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 11(10), pp.1237-1246. //Outro pacote em R e python, para simular dinâmicas neutras em espaço explícito.//